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Ethereum is a decentralized open-source blockchain featuring smart-contract functionality. Ether is the cryptocurrency generated by Ethereum miners as a reward for computations performed to secure the blockchain. 

The project’s goal is to democratize the internet by creating a ‘world computer’. It seeks to replace the traditional model of servers or clouds hosting data with a new proposition – ‘nodes’ provided by volunteers. The creators of Ethereum aim to introduce an alternative solution for data and apps that isn’t dependent on big technology firms. 

This article is for informational purposes only and takes no account of particular personal or market circumstances, and should not be relied upon as investment, tax, or legal advice. For investment, tax, or legal advice and before taking any action you should consult your own advisors. Note that digital assets such as cryptocurrencies present unique risks for investors. Please see our disclaimer regarding risks specific to holding digital assets before investing.

May not be available in all jurisdictions.

This content is correct as of October 2020

The market through the forces of supply and demand. Simply put, like most assets, the price of Ethereum is based on how much people are willing to pay for it. 

Since Ethereum is stored and transferred online, the price is determined globally. It should be the same wherever you are. It can differ slightly from exchange to exchange, but big variations can’t arise, since traders would quickly arbitrage out any gap.

The total supply of Ether was approximately 110.5 million as at mid-April 2020. In 2017, mining created 9.2 million new Ether, which led to a 10% increase in total supply. 

There is no hard cap on the total supply of Ethereum, unlike Bitcoin, which is limited to 21 million. Ethereum has opted not to set an upper limit. This has raised concerns in the industry about inflation in the Ethereum ecosystem from inception. Advocates point out that the rate of supply of Ether will decline over time. 

Ethereum is slow:
Like many cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum has struggled with speed. Its proof of work mechanism has made the network congested and slower.

Is it already out of date?
Ethereum has an unfortunate disadvantage: it was one of the first. In recent years, new ICOs and cryptocurrencies have learned from Ethereum's teething problems and executed ‘improved’ variations of the network. This is a threat of unknowable magnitude, but well-backed upstarts, such as EOS, Tron, and others, - can potentially build better networks and scale greater heights

Regulation:
The SEC ruled in June 2018 that Ethereum is not a security. This is a big deal and helps to legitimize the Ethereum network in the industry where regulation remains nascent. The ruling made clear that the platform does not come under the scope of US securities regulation, which dispelled a dark cloud.

Community:
This is what powers most projects in the cryptocurrency industry - and they don’t come bigger than the Ethereum community.


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Ethereum

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Created by the mysterious figure of Satoshi Nakamoto back in 2009, Bitcoin is the original cryptocurrency built on a decentralized ledger, known as the blockchain. This peer-to-peer network provides the ability to send and receive transactions in a permissionless, trustless manner, as detailed in its white paper, released a year earlier in 2008.

The project is built on open-source software, which means anyone in the world can audit, contribute, and improve its code and/or documentation.

A common opinion about Bitcoin is that it has no intrinsic value.

However, while this may ring true with other traditional financial instruments, being a completely new asset class, Bitcoin, and blockchain technology, does in fact hold high perceived value. This greatly affects both positive and negative sentiment among traders, increasing short to medium-term volatility.

As a young, still growing industry, the size of the market remains relatively small, with equally low amounts of liquidity. With that being said, it is a known fact that volatility has been on a continuous decline in recent years, mostly due to Bitcoin's increasing adoption and network effect.

At the same time, BTC  is scarce; only 21 million UNITS will ever exist. Looking at the current Bitcoin price, the crypto already appears unaffordable to people in many parts of the world. But with crypto, You don’t have to buy a whole unit of BTC, in stark contrast to the traditional model for company stocks. You can buy fractions of a cryptocurrency, which makes it more accessible. In fact, a single BTC is divisible BY up to eight decimal points, with 0.00000001 being the smallest unit, known as a "satoshi".

1 BTC is therefore 100,000,000 satoshis. Bits is another popular denomination, with 1 BTC corresponding to 1,000,000 bits.

Bitcoin is too complex:
After more than a decade, usability remains a big question mark. Sending, receiving, and securing large amounts of BTC is still too difficult for non-tech-savvy users. 

Transactions are slow and expensive:
Bitcoin has unsolved scalability issues. None second layer solutions have been massively adopted yet.

Bitcoin has a murky history:
From Silk Road to its very own mysterious creator, Bitcoin has too many questions left unanswered.

Bitcoin is a better, digital version of gold:
Scarce, non-confiscatable, highly divisible, and easily transportable.

A hedge to inflation:
“All fiat currencies eventually go to zero value” resulting in the inevitable loss of purchasing power.

The internet of money:
Just as we use one Internet, only one blockchain will succeed. Bitcoin’s blockchain is transparent, immutable, and highly secure.

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Cosmos wants to create ‘The internet of blockchains.’ A network of blockchains that can communicate in a decentralized manner.

Cosmos is a network comprised of many independent chains, all of which utilize the byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) consensus algorithms. Cosmos allows developers to build both permissionless and permissioned blockchains. The network launched with the release of its first blockchain, the Cosmos Hub, in 2019.

Back in 2017, the Interchain Foundation, a Swiss non-profit organization that funds open-source blockchain projects, contracted for-profit Tendermint, Inc. (which also utilizes the name All Bits, Inc.) to develop and launch the Cosmos software. 

Tendermint was launched in 2014 by Jae Kwon, who developed his own byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) consensus mechanism and started the company to develop business-related opportunities for the algorithm. 

Kwon co-wrote the Cosmos whitepaper and Tendermint raised $9 million to continue the project through a Series A funding round in March 2019.

Note: this cryptocurrency is not available for withdrawal to external crypto wallets. It can be bought, held, and sold on Uphold.

The team behind Cosmos plan to accomplish their vision via a set of open-source tools. The Cosmos network is composed of three separate technologies. The Tendermint protocol, responsible for governance; the Cosmos software development kit (SDK), an easy way to develop applications; and the Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) protocol.

The network supports token, data, and asset exchanges between blockchains. The Hubs that connect all these fluctuating blockchains require validators staking the ATOM currency, which will earn ATOMs for staking, thus the more connected the network becomes, the greater the potential for passive income to be generated through staking.

How much COSMOS/ATOM is on the open market?

ATOM has a large supply, there is 201,794,916 ATOM on the market, with a total supply of 259,579,519 tokens. 

Too long a lock-up?
There is a minimum lock-up period to stake your tokens of three weeks. For the casual investor, this presents a problem through a lack of flexibility. The lock-up makes it hard if you want to sell up quickly.

Hype: Arguably many cryptos full into this category; many enjoy hype they can’t possibly live up to.

Infighting:
Back in February 2020, there was a huge falling out between the co-founders, which started strangely. Jae Kwon accused Zaki Manian of blasphemy, arguing over whether this software was “godly” and demanding that Manian renounce his “self-professed godliness.” Yup, all true, not something from a Star Trek episode. For potential investors, this kind of stuff can be off-putting. 

Cosmos SDK:
Their platform to build apps is more user friendly and customizable than other solutions in the market. With the SDK, Cosmos wishes to reduce the development time of a new blockchain from years to weeks.

Partnerships:
ATOM has some fantastic partnerships with the likes of Binance and also with the Oracle Corporation and high profile cryptos such as OmiseGo.

With high profile partnerships and working with top companies to build on blockchain exclusively, there are many reasons for investors to be happy.

Cosmos

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DigiByte is a cryptocurrency focused on security, speed, and decentralization. It started back in 2013 and is one of the older crypto projects. 

Despite its age and ongoing development, Digibyte has kept below the radar compared with the hype-train of some competitors. 
Digibyte supporters reckon DGB is the ‘Sleeping giant of crypto.’ 

Digibyte is a faster, more secure version of Bitcoin and is only created (like Bitcoin) by mining. Its USP; a currency to be used online as a payment method, but also as a store of value. 

In May 2019, DigiByte launched DigiAssets, their scalable second-layer architecture, which sits on top of the DigiByte blockchain offering decentralized issuance of DApps and smart contracts.

Like most altcoins, Digibyte was created to fix the deficiencies of Bitcoin. The core issue for Digibyte is security. Virtually everything we now do is online – real-time information, data, finances etc. 

Although there have been countless attempts to improve online security, none has really succeeded

DigiByte aims to provide absolute security for data, information, and resources, as well as decentralization for users. Most cryptos are not wholly decentralized as they are controlled by individuals and private companies rather than the community. 

Digibyte’s open-source mining system is widely considered to be among the most decentralized in the business. Its latest mining algorithm, Odocrypt, rewrites itself every ten days. MultiShield followed real-time adjustment mechanism DigiShield, and both are regarded, in the cybersecurity industry, to be groundbreaking.

DGB is in plentiful supply. There are 13,465,726,269 DGB in circulating supply. The total supply is 21,000,000,000.

Trouble at the top?
Back in May 2020, Jared Tate, the founder of Digibyte, stepped down from the day-to-day operations of the project, citing too many investors in the space abusing crypto and just using it as a mechanism to profit. 
This could worry investors, but Digibyte is still a project to watch in the short to medium term. 

Hype & volatility:
Sometimes it can be hard to get behind a project when the hype train is going full steam ahead. In early 2020, the token rose over 900% in price and then crashed into bear territory. Volatility of such magnitude scares off investors.

Security:
Security is a massive USP for Digibyte. This could be the key to attracting new partnerships to enable the project to scale. 

Community:
Remember, Digibyte has been around for a long time compared with the new kids on the block. With this comes a loyal fanatical following.
How did they get a community so loyal? Because their project is truly decentralized and their mission has always been to create a project centered on people and social values. 

Scalability:
Digibyte can support over 48 million transactions a day – that’s ten times the current transaction volume of the top 50 blockchains by market cap. There is a lot to be positive about if they can get adoption.


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Chainlink aims to build a bridge between payment services and blockchain systems. A marriage between Amex, Visa, plus banks like HSBC and the brave new world of blockchains such as Ethereum and Bitcoin.

Originally called ‘Smart Contract’, the project soon changed its name to Chainlink, and the ticker symbol ‘Link’. 

Chainlink held an ICO in September 2017 and was noted for being the world’s first decentralized oracle service. This means it improves on the original smart contract model on Ethereum by allowing contracts to access data feeds and APIs. 

Chainlink is built on the Ethereum network and the native Link token compensates node operators for the retrieval of data from external sources, turning it into a blockchain readable format.

To bring interoperability to payment providers and cryptocurrencies. A good way to look at it is that Chainlink wants to act as a bridge between the old world and the new. 

The goal is to open up blockchain on a global scale by, for example, connecting data to insurance providers to calculate premiums, tracking goods on global supply chains. 

The Chainlink project thinks big - and it doesn’t get much bigger than a partnership with SWIFT, the global payment service.

Connecting smart contracts to “real actionable” data presents a vast opportunity. Without access to such data, smart contracts are limited to use cases relying on on-chain data - information stored on the blockchain. 

Chainlink has created a decentralized network that connects smart contracts to off-chain services, such as a payment network like Worldpay.

How much Chainlink/Link is on the market?

Chainlink has a large supply, which means a low entry price and good accessibility to the network. But Chainlink is unlikely to reach the kind of prices enjoyed by Bitcoin, which has only around 21 million units available. 

There is 350,000,000 LINK on the market, with a total supply of 1,000,000,000 tokens. 

Is SWIFT its Achilles heel?
There is no denying that having a partnership with SWIFT is a huge advantage for Chainlink. But could it also hold the project back? 
Diversification through many partnerships can be a surer way to long-term success. 

Marketing:
Many cryptocurrencies rely on hype and don’t have a great product. Chainlink, on the other hand, doesn't do much marketing. Some analysts believe this is a mistake and that they should be doing more to attract the right partnerships. 

One of the best teams:
The Chainlink team is one of the best and most experienced teams in the sector, with the parent company, smartcontract.com, opening in 2014. The domain name was registered back in 2008, before even Bitcoin. 

Interoperability:
A huge deal if the project takes off. The opportunity is to create improved interoperability between off-chain services. 

Chainlink

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Decred (DCR) is a cryptocurrency that is focused squarely on decentralization. All changes on its blockchain are subject to a user vote, which include miners and currency holders.  

The project was born out of a community of Bitcoin enthusiasts who wanted to improve  BTC’s protocols. One of the main issues was centralization. 
Miners are too powerful on Bitcoin. Decred wanted to create a currency where miners and users had a more equal say over developments. 
Disagreements over Bitcoin centralization have led to splits and forks already, such as Bitcoin Cash and Bitcoin Gold. 

Decred runs its voting protocol using a hybrid model employing both proof of work and proof of stake. The principle is that each block must be mined with the correct nonce and ratified by at least three verifiers. 
The system addresses the weaknesses of both the proof of work and proof of stake models. Miners still receive block rewards while the staking verifiers get smaller rewards.

Decred wants to eliminate the risk of hard forks, especially ones that divide the community philosophy. While a hard fork is technically possible - in fact, the project just navigated its first user-driven hard fork - Decred's voting protocol ensures users get to vote on changes first. When a vote passes, the changes go live. Decred’s goal is to fix what they see as the biggest flaw of Bitcoin and become the ‘Bitcoin of governance’. 

So far, Decred has delivered what they set out to do - itself is pretty rare in crypto. After implementing the lightning network, they increased privacy and converted Decred into a decentralized autonomous agency (DAO). There’s more to come in the coming months.

DCR has a capped supply of 21 million tokens, giving it similar economics to Bitcoin, which means it should achieve higher unit prices than ecosystems with billions of tokens.

There are 11,915,800 DCR in circulating supply. Total is 21,000,000 DCR.

Is it different enough?
The idea of creating a better version of Bitcoin is a good one. But many cryptos are trying to do that and many have died. 

Some people like centralization:
Centralized projects have more chance of becoming regulated and adopted by financial institutions. Decentralization tends to alienate investors and partners. No surprise that some of the most successful cryptos are centralized -  NEO, XRP, and BNB to name just a few.

Top team:
The team has been in the business for a long time and knows what it’s doing. Decred started with Jake Yocom-Piatt, the co-founder of Conformal Systems (now known as Company 0), an open-source software company focused on privacy and security. He got involved in crypto after hearing about Bitcoin in 2011 and created a tool for Bitcoin developers called btcsuite.
Decred was announced in 2015 and went live in 2016.

Community: 
Decred has been around for a long time compared with the newer kids on the block. With this comes a loyal following and the community have given Decred the success it has enjoyed so far. This is one of the big advantages of a decentralized project. 


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In brief, Dash is digital cash. It was launched in 2014 as ‘Darkcoin’. Its core USP was privacy with built-in anonymity. 

At its inception, the founders wrote that it was the first privacy-focused crypto to honor Nakamoto’s original vision. 

Since then, Dash has pivoted into a mainstream currency and rebranded to “Dash - Digital Cash” in March 2015. The goal is to become the crypto of choice for society to spend and hold. The project’s strapline is, “Dash is Digital Cash you can spend anywhere.”

While privacy is key, the most important aspect of Dash is its creation of Masternodes.

To understand Masternodes, you need to understand how the blockchain operates. To create a new block, Bitcoin introduced the notion of miners. These are individuals and companies with enough computing power to process blockchain transactions.

Masternodes have access to more powerful hardware and software. This creates a two-tier network in which miners focus on creating new blocks, and Masternodes complete specialized tasks such as Dash InstantSend, PrivateSend, and governance.

According to Dash.org, Dash’s powerful Masternode network allows for features in the protocol level that other digital currencies must push off to centralized third parties.

Unlike Bitcoin, Dash shares its mining block rewards in three ways:

10% goes to the virtual Dash corporation to function efficiently

This creates an interesting, scalable ecosystem: If the volume of transactions increases, more profit is made, meaning the Masternode and miner incentive pool grows, encouraging more Masternodes and miners to join and keep transactions fast and secure.

Dash aims to be the most user-friendly and scalable payments-focused cryptocurrency in the world. To achieve this lofty goal, the Dash Network features instant transaction confirmation, double-spend protection, anonymity equal to that of physical cash, and a self-governing, self-funding model driven by incentivized full nodes.

Masternodes And Transaction Speed: To prevent the slow transaction speeds that Bitcoin experienced due to its fast-growing user base, the Dash network introduced Masternodes. These are professional service providers with access to more powerful hardware and software than regular miners, who do most of the work on the Dash network.
The result is an efficient two-tier network with transactions confirmed in seconds. The Bitcoin network can take up to 10 minutes.

Governance, Funding, And Innovation: Masternodes have all the voting power in the Dash community, resulting in clearly defined and effective governance,. This does not exist in many crypto communities. In the Bitcoin network, decisions are made by the entire user base. Dash has the potential to outpace many cryptocurrencies, but its more centralized model draws censure from some crypto purists.

Dash has a capped supply of 19million tokens, which gives it a lower supply than Bitcoin. That’s unusual. Most cryptos have a much larger supply than Bitcoin

There is 9,669,984 DASH in circulating supply. Total supply is 18,900,000 DASH

Is it different enough?
Dash caused controversy over claims members of its core development team set aside 2 million of the total 18 million coins for themselves by fast mining in the first 48 hours. 

Is it that decentralized?
There is speculation that many masternodes are owned and run by the development team. That has raised questions about Dash’s decentralized nature.

Transaction times:
Dash transaction fees are way lower than credit cards and banks. 

Privacy:
There is an option to send your funds privately as well as the ‘InstantSend’ option, where your funds arrive in 4 seconds. Having such choices may accelerate adoption. 


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Nano is a digital currency that is decentralized, fee-less, and designed to provide a simple peer-to-peer transfer of value. A no-frills digital currency with zero fees, fast transaction times, and great accessibility. 

The currency was originally called ‘Raiblocks’ before rebranding to ‘Nano’ in 2017.

Note: this cryptocurrency is not available for withdrawal to external crypto wallets. It can be bought, held, and sold on Uphold.


The Nano Foundation says it empowers individuals and provides the most efficient and accessible digital money available, connecting users to the global economy in a sustainable way. 

The network is based on the Nano protocol and provides open access to anyone worldwide wanting to transfer value instantly, without fees and in an eco-friendly way, without mining.

Developers are building a reference node implementation for those wishing to participate on the network and plan to continue such efforts in the future. 

Supply and demand. Simply put, like most assets, the price of Nano is based on how much people are willing to pay. 
Since Nano is distributed online the price is determined globally. Minor price disparities between Exchanges are soon eliminated through arbitrage. 

The Nano Foundation is not a conventional commercial enterprise. Instead, it’s financed by a fund of 7 million Nano, created in October 2017 from a total supply of 133,248,297.

The fund was launched after the original Nano faucet was shut down so that Nano creator Colin LeMahieu could focus on Nano’s development.

The Nano Foundation does not seem to have any other source of regular income, which could prove to be an issue.

Lack of marketing:
For any project to survive in the crypto space, it has to have a robust marketing strategy to back up the product and entice adoption. Since the 2017 bull market, Nano has struggled to promote its currency.

Lack of wallets for users:
Users have been crying out for official wallets to store Nano for years. They now have a  web wallet, accessible via mobile and desktop browsers, and a mobile wallet in Beta. Many users remain frustrated by how long it’s taken and are worried about the long-term implications of such a slow rollout.

Scalability:
Other cryptocurrencies have more layers giving them wider appeal, such as smart contracts, the ability to build Dapps etc. Nano is just a currency - a crowded space. Many commentators believe it needs stronger differentiation.

Instant transactions:
Many cryptos struggle with transaction speeds. Nano is fast.  Transactions are almost instantaneous, coupled with zero fees for the user.

Environmentally friendly:
One of the most eco-friendly coins in the business, Nano has the ability to transact 1.35 million transactions with the same amount of energy that it would take for one Bitcoin transaction. 

Limited supply:
Nano gives investors and adopters a deflationary effect over time. Higher adoption means higher value. 

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EOS is a decentralized blockchain with the ability to power applications on a global scale, including decentralized applications (dApps). EOS held a year-long initial coin offering (ICO) in 2017, with a total of 200 million (20% of the tokens) distributed during a five-day period, 700 million more (70%) were distributed over the rest of the year, and 100 million (10%) held in escrow for block.one.

EOS is the native token of the EOSIO blockchain.

The aim is to process fast and ‘free’ transactions for users. There are many other blockchain projects that you can build dApps on via smart contracts, but the gating-factor is speed. EOS hopes to set new standards for processing power. 

EOS remains an early-stage project and is not yet fully developed and built.

You could dumb this down to a simple sentence. EOS is often referred to as ‘The Ethereum killer’ by its supporters. It aims to do everything Ethereum does, but better. On paper, both networks are similar and host dApps, but EOS is shooting for speed and processing power. Like all blockchains, scalability is key. 

The EOS blockchain will use a new consensus model called Delegated-Proof-of-Stake (DPoS). This could fix many of the problems Ethereum is wrestling with using Proof-of-work (PoW). EOS doesn’t need a node permanently connected to the network to reach consensus and transaction approval. 
The EOS approach uses a ‘Witness’ to keep the EOS network secure on a paid basis. If they don’t perform they’re voted off the network and a backup witness used. This reduces the centralization and red tape that holds some blockchains back.

The market through the forces of supply and demand. Simply put, like most assets, the value of EOS is based on how much someone is willing to pay. 

Global distribution means the price of EOS is determined globally. There can be slight variations between exchanges, but big differences can’t arise because traders are always on the lookout for arbitrage opportunities.

There are 933,893,927 EOS tokens on the open market, with a total supply of 1,020,593,938 EOS.

Competition:
There's more than ever. Not just Ethereum. With NEO making progress and Cardano speeding ahead, EOS needs to start winning over developers to build useful dApps on their blockchain.

The product:
With the biggest ICO in history ($700million), it’s surprising that EOS doesn't have a fully-working product yet. This has given many investors cold feet.
The age-old debate that plagues many cryptocurrencies also haunts EOS. Many start out with promises of centralization as per Satoshi Nakamoto’s original whitepaper. In the end, compromises are often made in the interests of scalability, partnerships, and a viable product. The small number of block producers as well as the risk of low voter turnout calls the principle of democratic governance on the EOS platform into question. The fact that users can’t audit the network without running a full-node analysis also makes decentralization claims questionable.

Speed:
Speed is one of the big selling points of the EOS blockchain with the goal of handling millions of transactions per second.

Developer platform: 
EOS is developer-friendly with a web toolkit and built-in functions such as role-based permissioning. 

Zero fees:
The EOS network is designed for fixed-rate inflation of 5% a year. This will be used to pay miners for validating transactions and producing blocks, as well as to sponsor 3 dApp proposals that are chosen by consensus. As a result, fees are practically eliminated for users.


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Dogecoin was born in December 2013. It's often referred to as the ‘meme’ crypto and for good reason. Doge was created as Bitcoin started to be taken seriously and got valuable. 

The creators of Doge thought that crypto should be a laugh and not so uptight.  So they came up with an alternative coin whose goal was to make the industry fun again.


Dogecoin took the community spirit of crypto to new levels. Followers of Dogecoin call themselves Shibes. They even have their own Shibe language made up of funny broken English phrases like, “such amazing”, “much grateful” and “many works”.

You could argue Dogecoin was created as a joke - but the crypto has a huge following and community members ‘tip’ each other Doge for content. 

The developers of Dogecoin haven’t made any changes to the crypto since 2015. There are three developers who work as part-time volunteers. Apart from security updates, the core code remains the same

The goal is to become the defacto standard fun cryptocurrency with a strong community. Elon Musk says Dogecoin is his favorite crypto.

Simply put, like most assets, Dogecoin derives its value from how much people are willing to pay for it. 

Since Dogecoin is stored and transferred online, the price is determined globally. It’s the same wherever you are. Any price differences between exchanges are soon arbitraged out by traders. 

There are 125,297,665,179 Doge tokens on the open market, but supply is unlimited. 

Unlimited supply:
If a currency has unlimited supply then in theory it can never materially rise in value.

Dogecoin founder is bearish:
Jackson Palmer has said he thinks there is too much hype and that alone underpins Dogecoin’s value. 

It was created as a ‘Joke’ coin:
Never designed to solve problems or become the next Bitcoin. There’s no roadmap with lofty ambitions. So why would you invest?

High profile:
Even now, when you think of cryptocurrencies you can name and that your kids know because they’ve seen the memes - Dogecoin is up there. Could its high profile and celebrity fans woo developers and lead to something useful.  

Cost of entry:
Doge costs less than a cent. Speculators like to see the potential for plenty of upside.


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IOTA is a cryptocurrency platform offering something new: decentralized ledger technology applied to ‘The Internet Of Things’. 

So in theory you could have your smartwatch talk to your smartphone over the IOTA network. 

What’s unique is that IOTA doesn’t use a fork of Bitcoin; nor was it built on Ethereum. IOTA sits on a bespoke blockchain called ‘The Tangle’. 

IOTA wants to be feeless and highly scalable.

The Tangle represents a unique project nicely timed with the advent of the Web 3.0.

IOTA promises to solve the problem of scalability and create a decentralized ecosystem ideally suited to the Internet of Things.

When compared with other blockchain projects, IOTA has one of the loftiest and most exciting goals of all.

MIOTA has a large supply. You can take this in two ways. First compared with Bitcoin, with its capped supply of 21 million tokens, IOTA is unlikely to reach such exalted prices.

There are 2,779,530,283 MIOTA on the market, with a total supply of 2,779,530,283. Unusually, there are no tokens locked up in a foundation. 

Is it too science fiction?
It's all very well talking about machines interacting with humans and a blockchain, but it’ll be years before we see the reality.

Security:
The MIT media lab found an exploit in the Tangle resulting in the ability to produce a collision - a situation where a different input hash pointed to the same output, which could forge signatures on IOTA payments. IOTA has rectified the problem, but it shows developing new blockchains can be risky. 

High profile partnerships:
The IOTA Foundation has partnered with the likes of Samsung, CISCO & Innogy to name only a few. Such high profile partners demonstrate the caliber of the project.

Value of IoT market:
The Internet of Things could be worth $470 billion by the end of 2020, according to a recent study by Bain, the consultancy firm. 

Quantum proofed:
When Quantum computing becomes a practical reality it could render a lot of cryptos redundant. IOTA has future-proofed itself by not using blockchain technology since it doesn’t require mining. Hence no fees, faster adoption.


IOTA

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Cardano is a multi-layered blockchain run by a non-profit foundation made up of scientists from around the world, including the University of Edinburgh and the Institute of Technology in Tokyo, Japan.

Cardano markets itself as a third-generation blockchain platform. Bitcoin is first generation. Second generation is Ethereum, which scales capabilities and introduces smart contract concepts.
Cardano is even more ambitious. 

Cardano has different layers to perform different functions. These include one for software applications (DApps). One for distributed computing, and, finally, one for financial transactions & settlements where Cardano’s currency ‘ADA’ is used to settle transactions.

Like many projects - Cardano wants to be the world’s top smart contract platform. Using a secure, proof-of-stake algorithm (named Ouroboros), Cardano eliminates the need for an energy-consuming protocol and claims to solve scalability issues. 

Cardano has a lofty goal of creating interoperability between its blockchain and the financial ecosystem - much like XRP & XLM.

Cardano has 25,927,070,538 ADA tokens on the market, with a total supply of 145,000,000,000.

The competition:
Cardano isn’t the first ‘Ethereum killer’. EOS has made huge strides forward in scaling its blockchain and forming partnerships over the past year. Is Cardano unique enough to beat such strong competition? 

Transaction speed:
Ripple and Stellar Lumens can process more than 1,000 transactions per second (TPS) hence their partnerships with Santander & IBM respectively. Cardano only offers 257 transactions per second. 

Cardano infrastructure: 
The Proof of Stake algorithm is said to be flawed by a problem known as «nothing at stake». This issue highlights the problem that voting on a particular version of a proof of stake blockchain requires no resources, unlike the labor-intensive PoW model. Cardano is still a relatively unproven project that has not been tested in the way Ethereum has.

Third generation:
Cardano was specifically created to offer the same functionality as second-generation platforms but without the scaling issues. 

Privacy:
Many users favor privacy in the current climate, yet few cryptos provide it. Cardano does. The privacy of its transactions is guaranteed since it can be executed without metadata.

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